Testicular decompression and tunica vaginalis flap in human acute testicular torsion: modified step-by-step technique description and preliminary outcomes

ABSTRACT Objective To report the effects of a tunica vagina flap on testicular compartment syndrome. Methods This single-arm clinical trial was conducted from September 2020 to October 2021. Consecutive patients with suspected testicular torsion within 24 hours of pain onset were included. Patients with past testicular torsion, bilateral torsion, or previous atrophy were excluded. The tunica vaginalis was opened, and the intratesticular pressure was measured before testicular retrieval from the scrotum and detorsion (P1), after detorsion (P2), and after transverse incision (P3). A tunica vaginalis flap was performed and a new intratesticular pressure was recorded (P4). The contralateral testicular pressure was recorded before fixation (Pc). The minimum follow-up period was 6 months. Results Fifteen patients were recruited from September 2020 to October 2021. Nine patients completed the follow-up. The median age (range) was 15 years (9-19). The mean P1, P2, P3, P4, and Pc (range) were 43, 60, 23, 20, and 14mmHg, respectively. The atrophy rate was 66.3% and the viability was 88.9%. No major complications were observed. Conclusion The modified tunica vaginalis flap in acute testicular torsion decreased intratesticular pressure. Furthermore, normal testicular pressure can improve testicular preservation. It can also decrease testicular pressure to normal levels and preserve the testicular parenchyma.

Spermatic cord torsion: a retrospective analysis

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the time interval and possible delay in transportation to referral units for the treatment of testicular torsion. Methods We retrospectively analyzed all cases of spermatic cord torsion surgically treated at a university hospital between January 2018 to December 2021. We evaluated the time intervals, including pain onset until the first presentation (D1), interhospital transference time (D2), pain onset until urological evaluation in a tertiary service (D3), urological evaluation until surgery (D4), and time from pain onset to surgical treatment (D5). We analyzed demographic and surgical data, orchiectomy rates, and time intervals (D1-D5). Torsions presented to the first medical presentation within 6h were considered early for testicular preservation. Results Of the 116 medical records evaluated, 87 had complete data for the time interval analysis (D1 to D5) and were considered the total sample. Thirty-three had D1 ≤6h, 53 had D1 ≤24h (includes patients in the D1 ≤6h subgroup), and 34 had D1 >24h. The median time intervals of the total samples and subgroups D1 ≤6h, D1 ≤24h, and D1 >24h were D1 = 16h 42min, 2h 43min, 4h 14min and 72h, D2 = 4h 41min, 3h 39min, 3h 44min and 9h 59min; D3 = 24h, 6h 40min, 7h and 96h; D4 = 2h 20min, 1h 43min, 1h 52min and 3h 44min; D5 = 24h 42min, 8h 03min, 9h 26min and 99h 10min, respectively. Orchiectomy rates of the total sample, subgroups D1 ≤6h, D1 ≤24h, and D1 >24h were 56.32%, 24.24% (p<0.01), 32.08% (p<0.01), and 91.18% (p<0.01), respectively. Conclusion Late arrival at the emergency department or a long interhospital transference time determined a large number of patients who underwent orchiectomy. Thus, public health measures and preventive strategies can be developed based on the data from this study aiming to reduce this avoidable outcome.

Idiosyncratic reaction after injection of polyacrylate - polyalcohol copolymer

ABSTRACT Context: Polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer is a synthetic product, non-biodegradable, with low rate of therapeutic failure and lower incidence of reactions at the site of injection, when compared to biodegradable agents. We report an unprecedent, exuberant and persistent inflammatory reaction following injection of that substance. Patient: a 17 years-old patient with vesico-ureteral reflux and complete pyelocaliceal right duplication was submitted to treatment with polyacrylate-polyalcohol copolymer (STING technique). In the seventh day of post-operatory, she presented intense dysuria and hypogastric pain, without laboratory exams alterations; a symptomatic treatment was started. After two months, the symptoms persisted and an ultrasound detected thickening of bladder wall close to the uretero-vesical junction. After that exam, a cystostopic biopsy showed epithelial hyperplasia with increased edema of lamina propria, suggesting an adverse reaction to the polymer. After four months, there was complete remission, but the reflux persisted with the same grade. Hypothesis: This is an unprecedent reaction following injection of this copolymer. The presence of characteristics such as absence of infection, temporal relation between treatment and beginning of symptoms, and detection of epithelial hyperplasia at the local of injection reinforce the hypothesis of association of the substance and adverse reaction. In that patient, important complains motivated early investigation of urinary tract, that confirmed those aspects. Maybe if that reaction had occurred in patients with lower capacity of expression (such as in infants) it would be unnoticed.

Anosmia congênita associada à hipospádia: relato de caso / Congenital anosmia associated with hypospadia: a case report

Introdução: A incidência de distúrbios olfatórios nos Estados Unidos da América é de cerca de 200 mil pacientes por ano, sendo as doenças sinusais as causas mais comuns. A anosmia congênita é rara e pode ocorrer como parte de uma síndrome ou como anosmia isolada. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso raro de anosmia congênita associada à hipospádia. Descrição do caso: Paciente masculino com 20 anos de idade e quadro de anosmia congênita, apresentando gustação e sensibilidade olfatória para odores irritantes preservadas. Refere hipospádia operada aos 13 anos de idade. Negava antecedentes familiares de anosmia. Apresentava exame otorrinolaringológico e nasofibroscopia sem alterações. Ao exame neurológico constatou-se anosmia pelo Cross Culture Smell Test. Ao exame geniturinário, apresentava orifício fistuloso em face ventral de terço médio do pênis, testículos tópicos e de tamanho normal, e desenvolvimento normal dos caracteres sexuais secundários. Observou-se, na tomografia computadorizada dos seios paranasais, presença de concha média bolhosa à esquerda. A ressonância magnética apresentava-se dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Uma análise hormonal foi realizada, cujos resultados foram: hormônio luteinizante de 5,02 mUI/mL, Hormônio folículo-estimulante de 0,8 mUI/mL e testosterona total de 887 ng/dL. Discussão: O relato deste caso é importante pela existência de apenas dois casos relatados na literatura de anosmia congênita associada à hipospádia. O relato de um novo caso e da associação da anosmia com outras anormalidades, como a hipospádia, pode auxiliar na aquisição de novos conhecimentos sobre o assunto e a despertar interesse na descoberta de algum fator etiológico comum às duas anormalidades.

Introduction: The incidence of olfactory disorders in the United States is approximately 200,000 patients per year. Sinus diseases are the most common causes. The congenital anosmia is rare and may occur as part of a syndrome or isolated. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of congenital anosmia associated with hypospadia. Case report: Male, 20 years old, reporting congenital anosmia. The taste and olfactory perception for irritant odors were preserved. He was submitted to hypospadia repair surgery at the age of 13 years old. Family history of anosmia was negative. Otolaryngologyc exam and nasofibroscopy were normal. In the neurologic exam, anosmia was determined by Cross Culture Smell Test. Genitourinary exam showed: fistular orificium in ventral face of medium third section of penis, topic and normal size testicles and full development of secondary sexual characters. On computed tomography of paranasal sinuses, a concha bullosa was observed on the left. The magnetic resonance was normal. Hormonal tests: LH 5.02 mUI/mL, FSH 0.8 mUI/mL and total testosterone 887 ng/dL. Discussion: This case report is important because there are only two cases reported in the literature about congenital anosmia associated with hypospadia. The report of a new case and the association of anosmia with others abnormalities such as hypospadia may lead to additional knowledge about the subject and may raise interest on the discovery of common etiological factors of these abnormalities (anosmia and hypospadia).

Tratamento vídeo laparoscópico da fibrose retroperitoneal / Laparoscopic video treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis

A fibrose retroperitoneal é uma doença classicamente tratada através da ureterolise por via aberta. Descrevemos o tratamento desta entidade por videolaparoscopia com nova abordagem através de 4 punçöes abdominais. A ureterolise laparoscópica é um método viável e menos invasivo que pode ser realizado em centros com disponibilidade de material e experiência básica em técnicas urológicas de cirurgia vídeo-assistida